Periodical printed edition (journal)

 

"Current Directions of Scientific Research of the XXI Century: Theory and Practice"

ISSN 2308-8877

Registration certificate PI No. FS 77-79357 dated 16.10.2020 (previously PI No. FS 77 - 66379 dated 14.07.2016 and PI No. FS 77-54416 dated 10.06.2013)

  

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS

 

Gorelov D.V., Yakovleva E.A. FOREST FIRE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT: TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-10-22

Abstract: Forest fires are the main cause of deforestation, which is a major threat to the livelihoods of people around the world. Despite the fact that the rate of annual deforestation has decreased in recent years compared to the last decade of the 20th century, it remains relatively high. Russia is one of the countries with the largest deforestation rates, both due to large-scale logging and catastrophic forest fires. In 2024, which is considered the hottest year on record, the actual area of fires in Russia's forest lands reached 8.2 million hectares. The article analyzes the statistics of forest fires in 2024, the distribution of the number and area of fires by federal districts of the Russian Federation, taking into account the categories of forests. It is established that the Far Eastern Federal District became the leader in terms of the area of forests affected by fires in 2024, accounting for more than 95% of the total area of forest fires in the Russian Federation. The article provides an assessment of the damage caused by fires to the Russian forestry sector in 2024 and ranks the federal districts of the Russian Federation by the amount of damage in monetary terms. The article examines the main negative factors contributing to the exceeding of the government-set target area for forest fires.

Keywords: forest fire, forest flammability, number and area of fires, damage, scorch, reforestation.

 

Kolarzh V.V., Nedbaev I.S. FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING FOREST CLIMATE PROJECTS WITHIN AREAS OF FOREST STANDS DAMAGED BY INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-23-32

Abstract: This article examines the feasibility of implementing forest climate projects in areas where forests have been destroyed by industrial emissions. Analyzing the scale of the problem and the lack of adequate methodologies, the authors emphasize the need to develop a specialized methodology for reforestation in such areas. They note the potential for attracting investment from businesses interested in environmental initiatives and the benefits of implementing such projects, including improved environmental conditions, increased biodiversity, and the promotion of sustainable regional development. Particular attention is paid to the legislative aspects and practical challenges associated with reforestation on industrial lands. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of further research and the development of legal norms that facilitate the implementation of an effective reforestation model in areas affected by emissions. This article examines climate projects in forests destroyed by industrial emissions and proposes mechanisms for implementing such projects.

Keywords: Forest climate projects, greenhouse gases, reforestation, industrial emissions, forest stands.

 

Kuznetsov D.K. FOREST ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-33-49

Abstract: This article is devoted to the issues of theoretical substantiation and transformation of the concept of forest ecosystem services over the course of socio-economic and historical conditions. This work examines classical works in the field of political economy for the presence or absence of issues related to forest services, environmental economics or related aspects of economic theory, provides an overview of the main provisions on the functions of forests as a natural resource within the framework of classical political economy, and establishes the relationship of provisions on forests as part of The factor of production is «Land» with modern provisions of economic theory, considering the forest as a provider of ecosystem services. As a result of this work, it was found that the idea of a forest as an ecosystem providing a certain set of ecosystem services was formed at the dawn of economics, but at the same time, for a number of reasons, they were not widely used due to the ambiguity of consideration of environmental issues within economics. The study also concluded that it is necessary to transform approaches to understanding forest ecosystem services in the context of the modern economic system, including based on the work of researchers from the period of classical political economy.

Keywords: ecosystem services, forest, forestry, forestry economics, climate-regulating potential of forests.

 

Lobovikov М.А., Orobinsky V.A., Pryadilina N.K. METHODOLOGY OF ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF FOREST RESOURCES

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-50-64

Abstract: The concept of value in economics is multifaceted and dynamic. Value depends on people's preferences and is constantly changing. According to capitalist market doctrine, if a resource has value, it must be defined in monetary terms. Otherwise, it is mercilessly exploited until it is depleted and government regulation or high administrative prices are imposed to restrict access. Forest values vary widely. Only a tiny fraction of them is adequately valued by the market. Timber, except for firewood, is generally well valued in a market economy. Other products and services are either undervalued by the market or have no market price at all. Accurately valuing resources is becoming increasingly important. This valuation directly impacts forest policy. There's no doubt that public movement to protect the ecological values of forests will continue to grow and strengthen, necessitating their fair economic valuation. What methods are available in the arsenals of modern forest economics to address the global environmental concerns? Without answering this question, it's impossible to understand whether public policy on environmental management can be implemented adequately to meet the demands of society in the new ecological era.

Keywords: Forest resources, economic evaluation, environmental economics, cost-benefit analysis, ecosystem management, marginal price, willingness to pay, willingness to accept, partial equilibrium analysis, general equilibrium analysis.

 

Stepanova Y.N., Arsentyeva M.V. ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS ON THE ASSIMILATION POTENTIAL OF THE TERRITORY

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-65-77

Abstract: The article analyzes the influence of anthropogenic factors on the assimilation potential of the Central Chernozem region. Analysis of national reports and statistics from Rosstat on greenhouse gas emissions for the period 2000-2023 allowed us to study the dynamics with and without LULUCF, which served as the basis for identifying the most significant categories of greenhouse gases in terms of emissions. Based on the impact of emission categories on natural ecosystems and the environment, three groups of anthropogenic factors have been formed: «pollution», «withdrawal», and «transformation». The influence of the first group of factors on the assimilation potential is expressed in the pollution of the atmosphere, soil and reservoirs with harmful liquid, solid, gaseous substances and waste. The influence of the second group of factors is confirmed by the violation of the natural resource potential and the natural balance of ecosystems as a result of mining. The influence of the third group of factors is expressed in the disruption of natural energy exchange and an increase in solar activity, formed as a result of exogenous processes. The use of the expert assessment method, supplemented by the coefficient of consistency and the criterion of correlation of expert opinions, made it possible to rank anthropogenic factors according to the level of their influence on the assimilation potential of the territory. In practice, the results of the analysis can be used in terms of developing regional greening policy measures aimed at ensuring the sustainability of territorial development in the context of achieving national goals.

Keywords: anthropogenic impact, greenhouse gases, environment, assimilation potential.

 

Topcheev A.N. COMPATIBILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLKIT TYPES OF MULTIPURPOSE FOREST MANAGEMENT

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-78-93

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of methodological aspects of assessing the compatibility of types of multipurpose forest management. The author, based on the provisions that the key factor limiting multipurpose forest use in Russia is the mutually exclusive nature of forest use, proposed a methodological approach to substantiating the prospects for combining two or more types of forest use using the example of forest-deficit regions of Russia. The principles of developing methodological tools (temporary inconsistency, territorial limitation) were formed, which made it possible to introduce the category "priority type of forest use" and justify the feasibility of multipurpose forest use not within the forest plot, but by 1 hectare. A toolkit for assessing the effectiveness of multipurpose forest management has been developed, including a list of restrictions on types of forest use in forest-deficient regions of Russia, criteria for compatibility of forest use and a mathematical model, where the main criterion for optimality and priority of forest use is the maximization of state income. Taking into account the specifics of forest-deficit regions of Russia, a matrix of compatibility of forest use types has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the possibility of combining three or more types of forest use, and an algorithm for combining forest use types, which includes six cycles: determining the types of forest use that can be implemented within a geographical zone; identification of limitations of unique forest management; combination of possible types of forest management; identification of a priority type of forest management; identification of effective types of multipurpose forest management recommended for implementation.

Keywords: forest management, multipurpose forest management, forest management compatibility, multipurpose forest management principles, forest management efficiency.

 

Shevchenko A.N. SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE ECONOMICS OF RESOURCE-SAVING AGRICULTURE

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-94-104

Abstract: This article presents a complex of interdisciplinary studies of the theoretical foundations of the economy of resource-saving farming (RSF) as an emerging scientific paradigm. The work systematizes and analyzes the key concepts that determine the transition from a resource-intensive agricultural model to a resource-producing one. Three fundamental agrotechnical principles of RSF (minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations) are analyzed in detail, and their transformation into economic efficiency factors is examined through the lens of changes in the structure of costs and revenues. The article proposes a structure for the economic mechanism of the RSD, highlights the features of the transition period, and emphasizes the need for an integrated assessment of efficiency that goes beyond traditional ROI and includes the consideration of ecosystem services and the value of natural capital. Special attention is paid to the macroeconomic and institutional conditions necessary for the mass implementation of RSE, including adequate government support tools, the development of green financing, and information infrastructure. The paper also classifies the main economic, informational, and behavioral barriers to transition and proposes ways to overcome them. In conclusion, promising areas of research in this field are formulated, and the role of the RSE economy is justified as a strategic imperative for ensuring food security and environmental sustainability in the 21st century.

Keywords: resource-saving agriculture, economic efficiency, sustainable development, externalities, natural capital, precision agriculture, economic mechanism, profitability.

 

 

FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMY

 

Drapalyuk M. V., Morkovina S.S., Ivanova A.V., Moiseev P.S., Makarenko N.N. CLUSTERING OF REGIONS BASED ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES FOR THE RESTORATION OF NATURAL CAPITAL FORESTS

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-106-126

Abstract: To address the issue of forest conservation, ensuring their sustainable existence, and maintaining their forest storage function in the face of climate change, adaptation measures are necessary. These measures include strengthening existing methods of forest restoration, conservation, and protection, as well as developing new, climate-sensitive forestry practices. Thus, forestry measures should be designed through the selection and combination of measures in accordance with fundamental forest management principles, taking into account similar conditions that have developed over several years in regional forestry systems, ensuring the effective restoration of forest natural capital.

Taking into account the objectives set forth in this study, a clustering of regional forestry systems was conducted, supplemented by matrix analysis. Clustering allowed us to segment regional systems by the effectiveness of measures to restore forest natural capital based on two indicators: "The share of forest plantations converted to forested land" and "The ratio of the area of ​​reforestation and afforestation to the area of ​​felled and dead forest stands." The matrix approach allowed us to identify the causes of inefficient forest restoration processes.

Assessing the results of clustering regional forestry systems by reforestation efficiency using a combinatorial analysis method, it was revealed that a significant number of regions (approximately 10 regions) fall into zones with low forest restoration efficiency due to insufficient reforestation to compensate for forest loss over a long period. Sixty-six regions are characterized by a relatively stable situation with reforestation and the conversion of forest plantations to forested areas, especially in zones characterized by a balance between forest loss and reforestation. Only 13 regions have experienced a long-term excess of forest plantation creation over forest loss, primarily in terms of area. This zone is characterized by high survival rates and, as a result, the conversion of forest plantations to forested areas. Thus, the resulting model for segmenting regional forestry systems, on the one hand, reflects the accumulated problems in the field of forest restoration, and on the other hand, serves as a justification for modernizing the current rules for forest restoration, due to significant climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure.

Keywords: clustering, segmentation, combinatorics method, regional forestry systems, natural capital of forests, deposit function, adaptive forestry measures, climate change, efficiency of forest reproduction in forestry.

 

Burmistrov A.M. ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF FOREST RESOURCES IN LOW-FORESTED ZONES

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-127-138

Abstract: The study is aimed at a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of forest management in sparsely wooded regions of Russia through an analysis of the interrelationships between forest cover, volumes of harvesting and restoration of forests, as well as economic indicators. Based on statistical data and comparative analysis with Chinese regions, key problems and strategies for optimizing forest resource management have been identified. The methodology includes logical and analytical approaches, theoretical generalization and abstraction. The results demonstrate that the sparsely wooded regions of the Russian Federation (Voronezh and Lipetsk regions) are characterized by low forest cover (8.5% and 7.2%) and an imbalance between harvesting and restoration (1:0.7 in the Lipetsk Region), which threatens environmental sustainability. China's experience has confirmed that the diversification of species composition, active reforestation and the introduction of multifunctional models increase economic and environmental efficiency. The main limiting factors in the Russian Federation are dearth of reforestation, anthropogenic load, low technologization and narrow specialization. To improve the effectiveness, measures are proposed: expansion of reforestation, integration of GIS, remote sensing and machine learning into monitoring, development of non-timber forest management and agroforestry. Government support through tax incentives and subsidies has been identified as a key element of sustainable strategies. The implementation of the recommendations will ensure a balance between the use and restoration of the forest fund.

Keywords: forest resources, sparsely wooded regions, reforestation, sustainable forest management, economic efficiency, diagnostics of forest ecosystems.

 

Gyyazov A.T., Bezrukova T.L., Kuvshinova O.V., Gavrilov E.I., Kuralbek K.I. RENEWABLE ENERGY – RUSSIA-KYRGYZSTAN: POTENTIAL, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-139-156

Abstract: Renewable energy sources (RES) have become an integral part of Russia's and Kyrgyzstan's energy sector in the context of limited natural resources and as a measure of adaptation to climate change. Despite the fact that currently the trend of using renewable energy sources in the country is only 1% of the total energy balance, Kyrgyzstan has significant potential for offloading hydroelectric power plants using alternative energy sources, provided that renewable energy technologies are properly installed and operated. Renewable energy sources (RES) have become an integral part of Kyrgyzstan's energy sector in the context of limited natural resources and as a measure of adaptation to climate change. With traditional natural resources scarce and the increasing impact of climate change, renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important in many countries, and they are gradually being integrated into their national energy mix. This article examines the potential for using alternative energy sources in the transition from traditional energy to clean technologies. The relevance of this topic is heightened by climate change and the depletion of traditional resources. The main part of the paper includes an overview of alternative energy sources, their advantages, and potential barriers and prospects for transitioning to alternative fuels for the economies of Russia and Kyrgyzstan. The article also analyzes the potential of renewable energy sources for the industrial sectors of both countries. Although their current contribution to the country's overall energy balance is just over 1%, with the right approach to the implementation and use of appropriate technologies, renewable energy sources can significantly reduce the load on existing hydroelectric power plants. Despite the insignificant share of renewable energy sources in the overall energy balance, Russia and Kyrgyzstan have significant potential to relieve hydroelectric power plants through alternative energy sources, provided that renewable energy technologies are properly implemented and operated. Russia and the Kyrgyz Republic have significant potential for developing alternative energy, which could play a significant role in ensuring the sustainability of the energy systems of both countries.

Keywords: renewable energy sources, solar energy, biomass wind, energy.

 

Yakovenko N.V., Kolotushkin A.А., Komov I.V. SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF THE LAND USE MODEL OF THE CENTRAL BLACK SOIL REGION: STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, AND PROSPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

DOI: 10.34220/2308-8877-2025-13-4-157-176

Abstract: The article provides a multi-level systematic analysis of the current state and trends in the transformation of land use in the Central Black Soil Region of Russia. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the work includes the analysis of official statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service, materials from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, regional agrochemical services for 2010-2023, as well as the generalization of the results of scientific publications on agroecology and soil science. A comparative-historical approach, statistical and cartographic methods were used, allowing for the identification of the dynamics of land use structure, spatial differentiation of indicators, and the degree of manifestation of degradation processes.

Results. It has been revealed that the predominance of plowing (up to 75-80% of agricultural lands), high specialization in growing grain and industrial crops, and intensive exploitation of black soils lead to a number of negative consequences - an increase in erosion processes, depletion of the humus horizon, disruption of the balance of macroelements, and a decrease in the biological diversity of agroecosystems. The dynamics of production and investment indicators show stable growth, but are accompanied by a significant increase in the anthropogenic load. Forecast scenarios indicate that further adherence to the inertial model will lead to an increase in degradation changes. While the implementation of environmental-saving and adaptive strategies will open up opportunities for restoring and sustainably using soil potential.

Conclusion. The scientific significance of the research lies in the integrated assessment of the ecological and economic consequences of the highly intensive land use model for the Central Black Soil Region. The need to transition to innovative technologies, organic and soil-protective agriculture, as well as to optimize the structure of land use for the purpose of harmonizing production interests and preserving the natural resource potential of black soil landscapes in the long term has been substantiated.

Keywords: Central Black Soil Region; land use; agrolandscape; agriculture; black soil; degradation; sustainable development.

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